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hanges。
格里格利。葉維林斯基(Grigory Yavlinsky):通貨膨脹達到了500%,600%,700%,財富就這樣化為了灰燼,一無所有了。人們遭受了惡性通貨膨脹的重創,這動搖了人們對於經濟改革的各種信念。
Chapter 17: India Escapes Collapse '3:16'
第十七章: 印度倖免崩潰
Onscreen title: New Delhi; India
字幕標題:印度,新德里
NARRATOR: The collapse of the Soviet Union reverberated round the world。 For India; it was the end of a role model; the ideal of central planning shattered。
旁白:蘇聯的垮臺在全世界引起了很大的反響,對印度來說,中央計劃理念的榜樣倒了。
MANMOHAN SINGH: This was telling proof that a mand type of economy was not as secure as we had thought。 Therefore; the collapse of the Soviet Union was a major factor which influenced thinking on economic reforms in our country; as in other countries。
買買汗。辛格(Manmohan Singh):這表明指令式的經濟並不像我們想象的那麼安全,因此,蘇聯的垮臺對我們及其它一些國家對經濟改革的思考產生了很大的影響。
NARRATOR: Planned by bureaucrats and cut off from the world trade; India's economy had grown stagnant; inefficient; and indebted。 In 1991 India stared bankruptcy in the face。
旁白:由於官僚主義計劃和與世界貿易隔絕,印度的經濟已經處於停滯、無效的狀態,並且負債累累,1991年,印度的破產近在眼前。
P。 CHIDAMBARAM: We were borrowing heavily。 We had to mortgage our gold deposits。 Our growth rate had e to virtually zero。 All this added to our very enormous crisis。
P。 CHIDAMBARAM:我們借了大量的貸款,我們不得不以黃金儲備做了抵押。我們的實際增長率下降為零,所有的這些加劇了我們本已很嚴重的危機。
NARRATOR: In the midst of the crisis; the economist Manmohan Singh received an urgent call from the new prime minister。 He found himself appointed finance minister。
旁白:在危機中,經濟學家買買汗。辛格(Manmohan Singh)接到了新任總理的緊急電話,他被告知他已被任命為財政部長。
MANMOHAN SINGH: Well; I said to him that we are on the verge of a collapse。 Our foreign exchange reserves when I took over were no more than a billion dollars …… that is roughly equal to two weeks' imports。 The argument was quite simple: We we
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