第3部分(第7/7 頁)

ite　the　traditional　plaints　about　such　tests…that　they　were　sadistic；　that　they　were　artificial；　that　subjects　somehow　sensed　the　situations　were　contrived…Johnson　gained　considerable　information　about　groups　under　anxiety　stress。

He　found　that　fear　responses　were　minimized　when　the　group　was　small　（five　or　less）；　when　group　members　knew　each　other　well；　when　group　members　could　see　each　other　and　were　not　isolated；　when　they　shared　defined　group　goals　and　fixed　time　limits；　when　groups　were　mixed　age　and　mixed　gender；　and　when　group　members　had　high　phobic…tolerant　personalities　as　measured　by　LAS　tests　for　anxiety；　which　in　turn　correlated　with　athletic　fitness。

Study　results　were　formulated　in　dense　statistical　tables；　although；　in　essence；　Norman　knew　he　had　merely　verified　mon　sense：　if　you　were　trapped　in　an　elevator；　it　was　better　to　be　with　a　few　relaxed；　athletic　people　you　knew；　to　keep　the　lights　on；　and　to　know　someone　was　working　to　get　you　free。

Yet　N