第11部分(第5/7 頁)

　advantageous　to　them　or　not；　accordingly　asthe　prince　knew　how　to　maintain　authority　over　them。From　these　causes　it　arose　that　Marcus　＇Aurelius＇；　Pertinax；　andAlexander；　being　all　men　of　modest　life；　lovers　of　justice；　enemies　tocruelty；　humane；　and　benignant；　came　to　a　sad　end　except　Marcus；　healone　lived　and　died　honoured；　because　he　had　succeeded　to　the　throne　byhereditary　title；　and　owed　nothing　either　to　the　soldiers　or　the　people；and　afterwards；　being　possessed　of　many　virtues　which　made　himrespected；　he　always　kept　both　orders　in　their　places　whilst　he　lived；and　was　neither　hated　nor　despised。But　Pertinax　was　created　emperor　against　the　wishes　of　the　soldiers；who；　being　accustomed　to　live　licentiously　under　modus；　could　notendure　the　honest　life　to　which　Pertinax　wished　to　reduce　them；　thus；having　given　cause　for　hatred；　to　which　hatred　there　was　added　contemptfor　his　old　age；　he　was　overthrown　at　the　very　beginning　of　hisadministration。　And　here　it　should　be　noted　that　hatred　is　acquired　asmuch　by　good　works　as　by　bad　ones；　therefore；　as　I　said　before；　a　princewishing　to　keep　his　state　is　very　often　forced　to　do　evil；　for　when　thatbody　is　corrupt　whom　you　think　you　have　need　of　to　maintain　yourself　……it　may　be　either　the　people　or　the　soldiers　or　the　nobles　……　you　have　tosubmit　to　its　humours　and　to　gratify　them；　and　then　good　works　will　doyou　harm。But　let　us　e　to　Alexander；　who　was　a　man　of　such　great　goodness；　thatamong　the　other　praises　which　are　accorded　him　is　this；　that　in　thefourteen　years　he　held　the　empire　no　one　was　ever　put　to　death　by　himunjudged；　nevertheless；　being　considered　effeminate　and　a　man　whoallowed　himself　to　be　governed　by　his　mother；　he　became　despised；　thearmy　conspired　against　him；　and　murdered　him。Turning　now　to　the　opposite　characte