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r he will be prisoner。
阿那特利。丘拜斯(Anatoly Chubais):有訊息認為蓋達(Gaidar)將可能成為總理,這在那時聽起來絕對是瘋了,每個人對此都抱以大笑,一個人說,對,他會成為總理,要不然就成囚犯了。
NARRATOR: But by 1985; it was not just economics students who were asking what was wrong。 When Mikhail Gorbachev became leader of the Soviet Union; he was appalled by the economic decay。
旁白:但到1985年,不僅僅是經濟學的學生,其它人也開始質疑經濟到底出了什麼問題。當米哈伊。戈爾巴喬夫(Mikhail Gorbachev)成為蘇聯的領導人時,他被經濟的爛攤子震驚了。
MIKHAIL GORBACHEV; General Secretary; munist Party; 1985…1991: There was a government mission to examine the problem of women's pantyhose。 Imagine a country that flies into space; launches Sputniks; creates such a defense system; and it can't resolve the problem of women's pantyhose。 There's no toothpaste; no soap powder; not the basic necessities of life。 It was preposterous and embarrassing to work in such a government。
蘇共總書記(1985…1991) 米哈伊。戈爾巴喬夫(Mikhail Gorbachev):有一個政府委員會負責調查婦女連褲襪的問題。想像一下,一個飛上了太空,發射了人造地球衛星,建立了如此的國防體系的國家,卻不能解決婦女連褲襪的問題。沒有牙膏,沒有肥皂、洗衣粉,生活必需品得不到滿足,在這樣的一個政府裡工作是荒謬和尷尬的。
DANIEL YERGIN: Mikhail Gorbachev was what the Soviet Union had been waiting for …… a new; young; dynamic leader who was going to reform the system。 But that system had been propped up for a decade and a half by high oil prices; and just after he came in; the price of oil collapsed; which meant that the economic problems facing the Soviet Union were even more enormous。
丹尼爾。尤金(Daniel Yergin):米哈伊。戈爾巴喬夫(Mikhail Gorbachev)是蘇聯長期以來期盼出現的人物——新一代的、年輕、充滿活力的領導人。他要對體制進行改革。但是舊體制已經由高石油價格支撐了15年,而正是在他上臺後,油價急劇下跌,這意味著蘇聯所面臨的經濟問題更巨大了。
NARRATOR: Gorbachev's attempt to restructure the economy was called ";perestroika。";
旁白:戈爾巴喬夫試圖重組經濟的努力稱為“改革”(peretrolka)。
MIKHAIL GORBACHEV: Perestroika was a reform that aimed at gradual political change to creat
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