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Keynes made himself the most influential economist of the age。
旁白:1936年,凱恩斯的《通論》終於出版了,這本書對如何與蕭條作鬥爭進行了才華橫溢的分析。凱恩斯告訴各國政府對經濟進行管理是可能的,這使他成為那個時代最有影響的經濟學家。
ROBERT SKIDELSKY: Keynes's solution to unemployment was for the government to spend the money to restore and maintain full employment。
ROBERT SKIDELSKY:凱恩斯解決失業問題的方案是擴大政府開支以恢復和保持充分就業。
NARRATOR: Governments; said Keynes; should spend against the wind。 In good times they should reduce their spending and build surpluses; in bad times; like the Great Depression; they should step up spending; run deficits; and put purchasing power into the hands of working people。
旁白:凱恩斯認為政府開支應該逆風而行。繁榮時期政府應該削減支出和進行儲備;困難時期,比如大蕭條時期,政府應該逐步增加支出,實行赤字財政,讓勞動者有購買力。
ROBERT SKIDELSKY: He gave people hope that unemployment could be cured without concentration camps。
ROBERT SKIDELSKY:他給了人們希望-失業問題是可以克服的。
NARRATOR: Harvard University became an intellectual bridgehead for Keynes in America。 John Kenneth Galbraith was one of Keynes's leading apostles。
旁白:哈佛大學成為凱恩斯在美國的學術橋頭堡。John Kenneth Galbraith是他最主要的追隨者。
JOHN KENNETH GALBRAITH; Professor Emeritus; Harvard University: I've said many times I think had something; maybe quite a bit; to do with bringing Keynes across the Atlantic。 I came back to find a whole group of people here who had also read The General Theory; and this was a breath of hope and optimism。
JOHN KENNETH GALBRAITH,哈佛大學榮譽退休教授:我曾多次說過我認為把凱恩斯主義帶到大西洋彼岸這件事與我有很大的關係。我回來後發現這兒有許許多多人已經看過《通論》,這是充滿希望和樂觀主義的。
NARRATOR: Keynes's ideas trickled down from Harvard to Washington; turning the federal government's conventional economic policies upside down。
旁白:凱恩斯的思想從哈佛傳到華盛頓,完全改變了聯邦政府傳統的經濟政策。
JOHN KENNETH GALBRAITH: You resisted conservative finance; borrowed money; and hi
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