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rent approach to economic and monetary policy。
弗裡德曼:撒切爾和里根的一致對完全不同的經濟和貨幣政策在全世界範圍內得到認可來說非常重要。
LAWRENCE SUMMERS: The old debates were about what the role of the market was; what was the role of the state。 I think it's now generally appreciated that it's the market that harnesses people's initiative best。 And the real focus of progressive thinking is not how to oppose and suppress market forces but how to use market forces to achieve progressive objectives。
LAWRENCE SUMMERS:關於市場角色、政府角色的辯論由來已久。我想現在一般都認為市場最好地利用了人的主動性。改革者思考的真正重點不應該是反對和壓制市場力量,而應該是如何利用市場力量來達到進步的目標。
SAM PELTZMAN: If you look at the whole of the 20th century; there's been a huge cycle。 Less government was the orthodoxy at the beginning of the 20th century; more government clearly was the orthodoxy for the middle part of the 20th century; and now the later part; going into the new millennium; we're back to where we were practically at the start of the century。 And you have to give folks like Hayek; Friedman; and then later Reagan and Thatcher their due for pushing all of this along。
SAM PELTZMAN:縱觀二十世紀,那是一個巨大的迴圈。二十世紀初政府幹預少一點是正統思想;二十世紀中期,更多的政府幹預很明顯是主流;到了後半期,在即將進入另一個千年的時候,我們實際上又回到了二十世紀初的起點。正是象哈耶克、弗裡德曼以及後來的里根和撒切爾那樣的人推動了這一切向前發展。
MARGARET THATCHER: I remember the foreign minister and finance minister from another country saying to me: ";You're the first prime minister who's ever tried to roll back the frontiers of socialism。 We want to know what's going to happen; because if you succeed; others will follow。";
撒切爾夫人:我記得另一個國家的總理和財政部長這樣對我說:“你是第一位設法擊退社會主義疆界的首相。我們想知道將會發生什麼,因為如果你成功了,其他人也會跟進。”
NARRATOR: Within 10 years; governments everywhere would retreat from the manding heights of their economies。 In the battle of ideas; the pendulum had swung from government
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